Inflammatory cytokine modulation

Inflammation is mediated by cytokines — IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β are pro-inflammatory; IL-10 is anti-inflammatory. In peptide research, inflammation modulation is assessed via: - LPS-stimulated PBMC / macrophage cultures with cytokine ELISA - NF-κB reporter assays - COX-2 expression Westerns BPC-157 suppresses IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated cultures. KPV (α-MSH tripeptide) reduces NF-κB activation. These mechanisms are central to the KLOW blend's anti-inflammatory arm.