GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper) is a naturally occurring tripeptide that binds copper ions and has been extensively studied for its role in tissue repair, collagen synthesis, and skin regeneration. First isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart, GHK-Cu has become one of the most researched peptides in dermatological and wound healing studies.
Chemical Profile
| CAS Number | 49557-75-7 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₁₄H₂₂CuN₆O₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 401.92 g/mol |
| Sequence | Gly-His-Lys |
| Appearance | Lyophilized white powder |
| Purity (Aurex) | ≥99% (HPLC) |
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu functions primarily as a copper carrier, delivering Cu²⁺ ions to cells where they participate in enzymatic processes critical for tissue repair. Research suggests it upregulates expression of genes involved in collagen and elastin production, while simultaneously downregulating genes associated with tissue breakdown and inflammation.
Research Applications
- Tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix regeneration
- Collagen type I, III, and IV synthesis studies
- Wound healing acceleration in dermal fibroblast models
- Copper metabolism and transport mechanism research
- Anti-inflammatory cytokine modulation studies
- Hair follicle dermal papilla cell proliferation research
Storage & Handling
Store lyophilized GHK-Cu at -20°C in a sealed, light-protected container. Once reconstituted, store at 2–8°C and use within 2–4 weeks. GHK-Cu is copper-coordinating and may show a slight blue tint in solution — this is normal and indicates proper copper chelation.
Recommended Starting Concentrations
For in vitro cell culture studies, typical working concentrations range from 0.1–10 μg/mL depending on the cell line and experimental endpoint. Always perform a dose-response curve for your specific model system.