IGF-1 / PI3K-AKT signaling pathway

Growth-factor receptor tyrosine kinase pathway regulating survival, proliferation, and metabolism.

IGF-1 binds the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that activates PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK cascades. The PI3K-AKT arm promotes cell survival, glucose uptake, and protein synthesis (via mTORC1). The MAPK arm drives proliferation. IGF-1 LR3 is engineered with reduced IGFBP binding, increasing free-receptor availability in vitro. Standard assays include IGF-1R phosphorylation Westerns in C2C12 myoblasts and myotube formation kinetics.

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